Benefits, Parts, and Overview of CNC Routers

Mar 17, 2017

Before computer controlled machines, routers were operated exclusively by hand. Today, routers have evolved for cutting metals, plastics, molds, and much more. Modern CNC machines take advantage of advanced software to create geometric patterns via computer and then output those patterns to a router for completion.

Benefits of CNC Routers

CNC routers are far faster than traditional routers, which must be operated by hand. Secondly, CNC routers offer precision and the ability to replicate the same product with near perfection. This is where the software prevails because it will output the same patterns every time until the operator changes the configuration. CNC machining can be used for projects as simple as hollowing out a door for installing a lock, to projects as complex as trimming the hull of a boat.

How CNC Routers Work

The typical CNC router can make cuts on the X, Y, or Z-axis. With these capabilities, craftspeople can make intricate cuts when working on a design. CNC machining parts also provide a wide variety of part customization. For example, operators can choose between upcut and downcut drills depending on the job. Upcut drills rotate in a direction which pulls the cutting material refuse up from the surface. Downcut drills, conversely, push the cutting materials down during the cutting process, leaving a cleaner surface cut.

Common Parts Explanations

CNC machines are made up of four major parts. First, the CNC portion itself, which contains the computer parts and data, allowing the craftsperson to use the software that will create the end design. Second, the spindle, which is the portion which does the cutting and contains either router or drill bits, depending on the job. Third, the cutting bed is the work surface where the materials sit. Lastly, the linear drive system, which allows for the three axis motion.

CNC machines are high precision instruments, but as detailed as they have become, these tools still require programming and human monitoring to operate. Users must still place materials to be cut in place and monitor the machines for safety. However, once programmed, routers can significantly cut down on project times.